MCQs on Modern history of India
MCQs on Modern history of India: Here are some multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on the modern history of India, along with answers and explanations:
1. Who was the first Governor-General of India after the Revolt of 1857?
a) Lord Curzon
b) Lord Dalhousie
c) Lord Canning
d) Lord Cornwallis
Answer: c) Lord Canning
Explanation: Lord Canning was the first Governor-General of India after the Revolt of 1857. He is also known for issuing the famous ‘Canning’s Proclamation,’ which declared amnesty to most of the rebels.
2. The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre occurred in which year?
a) 1919
b) 1920
c) 1930
d) 1942
Answer: a) 1919
Explanation: The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, a tragic incident during the Indian freedom struggle, took place on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar, Punjab.
3. Who was the leader of the Indian National Congress during the Quit India Movement of 1942?
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
c) Mahatma Gandhi
d) Subhash Chandra Bose
Answer: c) Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi was the leader of the Quit India Movement, a significant civil disobedience movement against British rule.
4. The first War of Indian Independence, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny, began in which year?
a) 1857
b) 1867
c) 1877
d) 1887
Answer: a) 1857
Explanation: The First War of Indian Independence, also called the Sepoy Mutiny or the Indian Rebellion of 1857, began in the year 1857.
5. Who is known as the ‘Iron Man of India’?
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Subhash Chandra Bose
c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
d) Bhagat Singh
Answer: c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Explanation: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is often referred to as the ‘Iron Man of India’ for his crucial role in the integration of princely states into a united India after independence.
6. The Simon Commission was boycotted by Indians because:
a) It did not include any Indian members.
b) It proposed the partition of India.
c) It supported the Rowlatt Act.
d) It favored the abolition of the Indian Civil Services.
Answer: a) It did not include any Indian members.
Explanation: The Simon Commission was boycotted because it did not have any Indian members, which was seen as an insult to India’s aspirations for self-governance.
7. Who was the first President of India?
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Answer: d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Explanation: Dr. Rajendra Prasad served as the first President of India from 1950 to 1962.
8. The Dandi March, a symbol of nonviolent resistance, was led by:
a) Subhas Chandra Bose
b) Mahatma Gandhi
c) Jawaharlal Nehru
d) Bhagat Singh
Answer: b) Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: The Dandi March, also known as the Salt March, was led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930 to protest the British monopoly on salt production and sales in India.
9. Who was the last Mughal emperor of India?
a) Bahadur Shah Zafar II
b) Aurangzeb
c) Shah Jahan
d) Akbar
Answer: a) Bahadur Shah Zafar II
Explanation: Bahadur Shah Zafar II was the last Mughal emperor of India. He was exiled after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
10. The Indian National Army (INA) was formed by:
a) Subhas Chandra Bose
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
d) Mahatma Gandhi
Answer: a) Subhas Chandra Bose
Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose formed the Indian National Army (INA) to fight for India’s independence from British rule during World War II.
11. Who was the first Governor-General of India following the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857?
a) Lord Canning
b) Lord Dalhousie
c) Lord Mountbatten
d) Lord Curzon
Answer: a) Lord Canning
Explanation: Lord Canning served as the first Governor-General of India after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny.
12. The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place in which year?
a) 1919
b) 1922
c) 1942
d) 1930
Answer: a) 1919
Explanation: The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre occurred on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar, Punjab, when British troops under General Dyer opened fire on a crowd of unarmed Indian protesters.
13. Who was the leader of the Indian National Congress during the Quit India Movement in 1942?
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Mahatma Gandhi
c) Sardar Patel
d) Subhas Chandra Bose
Answer: b) Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi provided leadership to the Quit India Movement (August 1942) and called for “Do or Die” to demand an end to British rule in India.
14. The Simon Commission, which was opposed by Indians, was appointed in which year?
a) 1927
b) 1930
c) 1935
d) 1942
Answer: a) 1927
Explanation: The Simon Commission was appointed in 1927 to recommend constitutional reforms in India. It was opposed by Indians because it did not have any Indian members.
15. The First War of Independence in 1857 began with the Sepoy Mutiny in which city?
a) Delhi
b) Kolkata
c) Lucknow
d) Meerut
Answer: d) Meerut
Explanation: The First War of Independence, also known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857, began with the Sepoy Mutiny in Meerut when Indian soldiers (sepoys) revolted against the British East India Company.
16. Who was the first President of India?
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Sardar Patel
c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
d) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Answer: c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Explanation: Dr. Rajendra Prasad served as the first President of India from 1950 to 1962.
17. The Indian National Army (INA), led by Subhas Chandra Bose, sought support from which country during World War II to fight against British colonial rule in India?
a) Japan
b) Germany
c) Italy
d) France
Answer: a) Japan
Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose sought support from Japan during World War II to form the Indian National Army (INA) and fight against British colonial rule in India.
18. Who is known as the “Iron Man of India”?
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Mahatma Gandhi
c) Sardar Patel
d) Bhagat Singh
Answer: c) Sardar Patel
Explanation: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is often referred to as the “Iron Man of India” for his role in integrating princely states into the newly independent Indian Union.
19. The Indian Independence Act of 1947 led to the partition of India into which two separate nations?
a) India and Pakistan
b) India and Bangladesh
c) India and Sri Lanka
d) India and Nepal
Answer: a) India and Pakistan
Explanation: The Indian Independence Act of 1947 led to the partition of India into two separate nations, India and Pakistan, on August 15, 1947.
20. Who was the first Prime Minister of India?
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Sardar Patel
c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
d) Lal Bahadur Shastri
Answer: a) Jawaharlal Nehru
Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru served as the first Prime Minister of India from 1947 to 1964.
21. Who is often referred to as the “Father of the Nation” in India?
A. Jawaharlal Nehru
B. Subhas Chandra Bose
C. Mahatma Gandhi
D. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Answer: C. Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi is commonly known as the “Father of the Nation” in India due to his pivotal role in the Indian independence movement and his philosophy of non-violence.
22. Which event marked the beginning of the Indian independence movement against British rule?
A. The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
B. The Sepoy Mutiny of 1857
C. The Salt March
D. The Quit India Movement
Answer: B. The Sepoy Mutiny of 1857
Explanation: The Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, also known as the First War of Independence, is often considered the starting point of the Indian independence movement against British rule.
23. Who was the first Prime Minister of India?
A. Jawaharlal Nehru
B. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
C. Rajendra Prasad
D. Subhas Chandra Bose
Answer: A. Jawaharlal Nehru
Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru served as the first Prime Minister of India from 1947 to 1964.
24. When did India gain independence from British rule?
A. 1857
B. 1919
C. 1947
D. 1950
Answer: C. 1947
Explanation: India gained independence from British rule on August 15, 1947, following years of struggle and non-violent resistance.
25. Who was the leader of the Indian National Congress during the period of India’s independence struggle?
A. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
B. Bhagat Singh
C. Subhas Chandra Bose
D. Mahatma Gandhi
Answer: D. Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi was a prominent leader of the Indian National Congress and played a central role in the independence movement.
26. What was the significance of the Salt March in 1930 during the Indian independence movement?
A. It led to the establishment of the Indian National Army (INA).
B. It marked the beginning of armed resistance against the British.
C. It highlighted the issue of salt taxation and sparked nationwide protests.
D. It resulted in the partition of India.
Answer: C. It highlighted the issue of salt taxation and sparked nationwide protests.
Explanation: The Salt March, led by Mahatma Gandhi, was a non-violent protest against the British monopoly on salt production and taxation, leading to widespread civil disobedience and drawing global attention to India’s independence struggle.
27. Who was the last Mughal emperor of India?
A. Aurangzeb
B. Akbar
C. Bahadur Shah II
D. Babur
Answer: C. Bahadur Shah II
Explanation: Bahadur Shah II, also known as Bahadur Shah Zafar, was the last Mughal emperor of India, and he played a symbolic role in the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
28. The Indian National Congress was founded in which year?
A. 1885
B. 1905
C. 1942
D. 1920
Answer: A. 1885
Explanation: The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885, and it became a major political party in the struggle for India’s independence from British rule.
29. Who was the leader of the Indian National Army (INA) during World War II?
A. Subhas Chandra Bose
B. Bhagat Singh
C. Jawaharlal Nehru
D. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Answer: A. Subhas Chandra Bose
Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose, also known as Netaji, was the leader of the Indian National Army (INA), which sought to free India from British rule during World War II.
30. What was the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 related to?
A. Indian education
B. Indian taxation
C. Indian political representation
D. Indian trade policies
Answer: C. Indian political representation
Explanation: The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 introduced significant changes in the political representation and governance of India, including the introduction of the Diarchy system in provinces.
31. Who is often referred to as the “Father of the Indian Constitution”?
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Sardar Patel
c) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
d) Mahatma Gandhi
Answer: c) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Explanation: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is often referred to as the “Father of the Indian Constitution” for his significant role in drafting and shaping the Constitution of India.
32. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in which year?
a) 1919
b) 1942
c) 1928
d) 1930
Answer: a) 1919
Explanation: The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on April 13, 1919, when British troops under the command of General Dyer opened fire on a peaceful gathering of Indian protesters in Amritsar.
33. Who was the first Prime Minister of India?
a) Sardar Patel
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Rajendra Prasad
d) Indira Gandhi
Answer: b) Jawaharlal Nehru
Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru served as the first Prime Minister of India from 1947 to 1964.
34. The Indian National Congress was founded in which year?
a) 1857
b) 1885
c) 1905
d) 1947
Answer: b) 1885
Explanation: The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 during the Indian National Congress session held in Bombay (now Mumbai).
35. The Quit India Movement was launched in response to which major event?
a) Jallianwala Bagh massacre
b) Partition of Bengal
c) World War II
d) Simon Commission
Answer: c) World War II
Explanation: The Quit India Movement, also known as the August Movement, was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942 during World War II to demand an end to British rule in India.
36. Who was the leader of the non-cooperation movement in India in the 1920s?
a) Subhas Chandra Bose
b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
c) Mahatma Gandhi
d) Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer: c) Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi was the leader of the non-cooperation movement, which began in the 1920s as a protest against British rule in India.
37. The Rowlatt Act, which led to widespread protests, was passed in which year?
a) 1919
b) 1922
c) 1930
d) 1947
Answer: a) 1919
Explanation: The Rowlatt Act, also known as the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, was passed by the British colonial government in India, leading to widespread protests and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
38. Who was the first Governor-General of independent India?
a) Lord Mountbatten
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) C. Rajagopalachari
d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Answer: a) Lord Mountbatten
Explanation: Lord Louis Mountbatten served as the first Governor-General of independent India from August 15, 1947, until June 21, 1948.
39. The famous Dandi March led by Mahatma Gandhi was a part of which movement?
a) Quit India Movement
b) Non-Cooperation Movement
c) Civil Disobedience Movement
d) Khilafat Movement
Answer: c) Civil Disobedience Movement
Explanation: The Dandi March, also known as the Salt March, was a significant event during the Civil Disobedience Movement initiated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930.
40. The Indian National Army (INA) was led by which freedom fighter during World War II?
a) Subhas Chandra Bose
b) Bhagat Singh
c) Sardar Patel
d) Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer: a) Subhas Chandra Bose
Explanation: The Indian National Army (INA) was led by Subhas Chandra Bose, who sought to liberate India from British rule with the help of Axis powers during World War II.
These questions should help you test your knowledge of the modern history of India. If you have more specific topics or questions in mind, feel free to ask! These MCQs cover key events and personalities from India’s modern history, providing a good overview of the subject.
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